Legal developments during the Pinochet government
The government of Augusto Pinochet (1973-1990) proposed a complete reform of institutions, eliminating protectionism and promoting the ideas of neoliberalism. In 1973, after the coup, the entire nation to be guided step by constitutional sides. The following year he convened a commission of notables, the call Ortuzar Commission, to prepare a new constitution, which was topped in the 1980 Constitution, approved in referendum that same year and entered into force in March of the year next. As for legislation, passed a decree issued in the form of laws, then, and under the effect of a new constitution would create a new legal category, the Constitutional Act, the quorum for approval was supported by reference to core within the organization. Parallel investments imposed regionalization, which abolished the old provinces and regions change, in addition to modify all the territorial administration of the country.
Essential reforms were undertaken in the areas of work, funds social and economic. In 1974 he was recast legislation on income tax in Decree Law 824, and on the value added tax in Decree Law 825. Subsequently, economic, were issued new laws to regulate insurance and banking. In the field, the entire Labor Code was repealed and replaced by a new, harmonized with the neo-liberal ideas and principles. Public education was transferred from the state to municipalities, and began to be governed by the Organic Constitutional Law on Education (LOCE short). Health was privatized, creating the Isapres (abbreviation for “health insurance institutions), businesses intended to manage the funds of their members and provide health coverage, however, remained as Fonasa of public healthcare. Also planned was privatized security, creating the insurance of pension funds (AFPs for short), private companies in which workers were forced to pay, although some remained public social security systems: the National Compensation Fund, which unifies the vast majority of the former provident Asset Management fund system, CAPREDENA (short for Provident Fund of National Defense to the military) and DIPRECA (short for Address Previsional Carabineros).
These reforms have been the subject of intense and heated debate on the future national policy. Proponents argue that privatization of health, education and social security improves efficiency by providing better patient care, education and funds pensions to children with lower costs for the state. Its Challengers argue that privatization aims to put in the hands of large economic groups, the management of vast wealth derived ultimately from the income of all Chileans, and that the costs are often passed to consumers. At the time of this writing (May 2008), the debate between proponents and antagonists of these reforms was not resolved, even in practice, and therefore, these reforms of the military government was still within the institutional structure chilena.
- Reuters via Yahoo! News
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